Development of Education
1781: Calcutta Madrasah ( Warren Hastings)
1791: Sanskrit College, Benaras ( Jonathan Duncan)
1800: Fort William College ( Lord Wellesley)
Serampur missionaries were very enthusiastic about spread of education
▪️1813: Charter Act
Sanction of 1 lakhs annually
Amount not made available till 1823
Grant sanctioned for Calcutta College ( 1817- Rammohun Roy)
▪️ 1835: Lord Macaulay's Minute
Settled the debate in favour of Anglicists- limited govt resources to be devoted to teaching western sciences and literature through medium of English language alone
Neglected mass education
Downward filtration theory
1835: Medical college in Calcutta
▪️1843-53: James Thomson ( LG of NW Province)
Developed comprehensive scheme of village education through the medium of vernacular languages
Purpose was to train personnel for newly set up Revenue and Public works dept.
1844: Applicants for govt employment should possess knowledge of English
▪️1854: Wood's Despatch ( Magna Carta of English education in India)
Responsibility of educating mass and rebuked downward filtration theory
Vernacular at school, English in higher studies
Stress on female and vocational education and teacher training
Education in govt institutions to be secular
System of grants-in-aid to encourage private enterprise
▪️Developments:
🔸1857: universities at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras
🔸1849: Bethune School, Calcutta ( JED Bethune)- Education for women
Agriculture Institute at Pusa, Bihar
Engineering Institute at Roorkee (1847)
🔸 1856: Calcutta college of engineering
🔸1858: Overseers' school at Poona ( Poona college of engineering)
🔸1882-83: Hunter Education Commission (Ripon)
Confined its recommendations to primary and secondary education
Primary education in vernacular
Transfer of control of primary education to district and municipal boards
✅High school should have two divisions
✅ Literary- leading to university
✅ Vocational- commercial careers
✅ Attention towards inadequate facilities for female education
🔸1882: Punjab university
🔸1887: Allahabad university
🔸 1902: Raleigh Commission
✅Go into conditions and prospects of universities in India
✅ Based on recommendations of Raleigh, Indian Universities Act
🔸1904: Indian Universities Act
✅Govt veto in universities senate regulations
✅5 lakh rupees to be sanctioned per annum for five years
🔸1906: State of Baroda introduced compulsory education throughout its territories
🔸1913: Resolution on education policy - govt refused to take responsibility of compulsory education
🔸1917-19: Saddler University Commission
✅ Study and report on problems of Calcutta university
✅Reviewed entire field from school education to university education
✅School course should be 12 yrs. Entry into university after intermediate stage for 3 yrs course.
🔸1919: Education shifted to provincial ministries so govt stopped taking direct interest in education
matters.
▪️1929: Hartog Committee
✅ To report on development of education
✅Average students should be diverted to vocational courses after 8th
✅ Admission should be restricted
▪️1937: Wardha scheme of basic education
✅ Congress organised a National Conference on Education in Wardha
✅Zakir hussain committee- detailed national scheme for basic education
✅ Learning through activity
✅ Based on Gandhi's weekly Harijan
✅ English only after Class 8
▪️1944: Sergeant Plan of Education
✅Pre-primary education for 3-6 yrs age group
✅Free, universal and compulsory elementary education for 6-11 yrs age group
✅Abolition of intermediate course
#revision_notes
#history
#Modern_History
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Source - SPECTRUM
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